Type keywords to search pages, products, standards and articles
:root{
–bg:#ffffff; –fg:#1f2933; –muted:#52606d; –line:#e4e7eb;
–zebra:#f5f7fa; –accent:#1769aa; –warn-bg:#fff4e5; –warn-bd:#f5a623;
–warn-fg:#9a5b00; –box-bg:#eef5fb; –box-bd:#1769aa; –ok:#2f855a;
}
*{box-sizing:border-box;}
.src{margin-top:10px;font-size:12px;color:#bcd6ec;}
.src a{color:#ffe; }
nav.toc{background:#fff;border:1px solid var(–line);border-radius:12px;
padding:14px;margin:22px 0;display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(4,1fr);gap:10px;}
nav.toc a{display:flex;gap:10px;align-items:flex-start;color:var(–accent);text-decoration:none;
border:1px solid var(–line);border-radius:9px;padding:10px 12px;background:var(–zebra);
transition:background .15s,border-color .15s;}
nav.toc a:hover{background:#dcebf8;border-color:var(–accent);}
nav.toc .t-ico{font-size:19px;line-height:1.3;}
nav.toc .t-tx b{display:block;font-size:13.5px;color:var(–fg);margin-bottom:2px;}
nav.toc .t-tx small{display:block;color:var(–muted);font-size:12px;line-height:1.5;}
/* —- —- */
.mp-nav{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(4,1fr);gap:10px;margin:0 0 28px;}
.mp-nav a{display:flex;gap:8px;align-items:flex-start;padding:10px 12px;border:1px solid var(–line);
border-radius:9px;background:#fff;text-decoration:none;color:var(–fg);transition:all .16s;}
.mp-nav a:hover{border-color:var(–accent);background:#f2f8fe;}
.mp-nav a.cur{border-color:var(–accent);background:var(–accent);color:#fff;box-shadow:0 3px 10px rgba(23,105,170,.25);}
.mp-nav a.cur .mp-d{color:rgba(255,255,255,.85);}
.mp-nav .mp-i{font-size:17px;line-height:1.3;}
.mp-nav .mp-t{font-size:13px;font-weight:600;display:block;line-height:1.45;}
.mp-nav .mp-d{font-size:11.5px;color:var(–muted);display:block;margin-top:2px;line-height:1.4;}
@media (max-width:980px){ .mp-nav{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,1fr);} }
@media (max-width:560px){ .mp-nav{grid-template-columns:1fr;} .mp-bar{flex-direction:column;align-items:stretch;} }
.mp-head{margin:0 0 6px;}
.mp-head h1{margin:0 0 6px;font-size:23px;color:var(–fg);}
.mp-head .mp-sub{color:var(–muted);font-size:14px;margin:0 0 18px;line-height:1.7;}
.mp-bar{display:flex;gap:12px;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;flex-wrap:wrap;
margin:44px 0 10px;padding-top:22px;border-top:1px solid var(–line);}
.mp-btn{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:6px;padding:10px 18px;border-radius:7px;
font-size:14px;font-weight:500;text-decoration:none;border:1px solid #339933;
color:#339933;background:#fff;transition:all .18s;}
.mp-btn:hover{background:#339933;color:#fff;}
.mp-btn.solid{background:#339933;color:#fff;border-color:#339933;}
.mp-btn.solid:hover{background:#2b802b;border-color:#2b802b;}
.mp-btn.ghost{border-color:#339933;color:#339933;}
.mp-btn.ghost:hover{background:#339933;color:#fff;border-color:#339933;}
@media (max-width:980px){ nav.toc{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,1fr);} }
@media (max-width:560px){ nav.toc{grid-template-columns:1fr;} }
section{margin:0 0 34px;scroll-margin-top:16px;}
@media (max-width:700px){ table{min-width:640px;} }
h2{font-size:21px;margin:0 0 6px;}
/* */
.dlx-sec-head h2{border-left:0 !important;padding-left:0 !important;}
h3{font-size:17px;color:#0b3d66;margin:22px 0 8px;}
h4{font-size:15px;margin:16px 0 6px;}
p{margin:8px 0;}
.lead{color:var(–muted);}
.tscroll{overflow-x:auto;margin:14px 0;-webkit-overflow-scrolling:touch;}
table{border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;margin:0;font-size:13.5px;
background:#fff;box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.04);}
th,td{border:1px solid var(–line);padding:8px 10px;vertical-align:top;text-align:left;
word-break:break-word;overflow-wrap:anywhere;}
thead th{background:var(–accent);color:#fff;font-weight:600;position:relative;}
tbody tr:nth-child(even){background:var(–zebra);}
.col-resizer{position:absolute;right:0;top:0;height:100%;width:6px;cursor:col-resize;
background:rgba(255,255,255,.18);}
thead th:hover .col-resizer{background:rgba(255,255,255,.45);}
.warn{border:1px solid var(–warn-bd);background:var(–warn-bg);color:var(–warn-fg);
border-radius:8px;padding:12px 14px;margin:14px 0;}
.warn b{color:#7a4400;}
.note{border-left:4px solid var(–box-bd);background:var(–box-bg);padding:10px 14px;margin:14px 0;border-radius:0 8px 8px 0;}
.eq{background:#0b3d66;color:#eaf3fb;padding:8px 14px;border-radius:8px;font-family:”Consolas”,monospace;
display:inline-block;margin:6px 0;font-size:14px;}
ul,ol{padding-left:22px;margin:8px 0;}
li{margin:3px 0;}
.kbd{font-family:”Consolas”,monospace;background:#eef1f4;border:1px solid var(–line);
border-radius:4px;padding:1px 6px;font-size:12.5px;}
/* —- V1.21: —- */
.cc{display:inline-block;padding:2px 9px;border-radius:5px;font-size:12.5px;
font-weight:600;line-height:1.7;letter-spacing:.4px;white-space:nowrap;
text-align:center;min-width:30px;box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.08);}
.cc-sep{color:var(–muted);font-weight:700;margin:0 1px;}
.tag{display:inline-block;background:#eaf3fb;color:var(–accent);border:1px solid #cfe3f5;
border-radius:999px;padding:1px 9px;font-size:12px;margin:2px 0;}
.top-link{float:right;}
/* 1232px */
.dlx-article{max-width:none !important;}
.dlx-article>style:first-child+*{margin-top:26px !important;}
First establish the maximum/minimum working temperature. Below 500°C consider an RTD (resistance thermometer); 500–1300°C choose a Type K thermocouple; above 1300°C choose Type S/R or tungsten-rhenium.
For oxidising atmospheres (air), a conventional metal protection tube is fine; for reducing, vacuum or carbon-containing atmospheres, an alumina/boron-nitride ceramic protection tube is recommended.
Threaded mounting is for pipes and small equipment; flange mounting is for furnace walls and large equipment; insertion type is for temporary or convenient measurement.
Specify the threaded or flange connection, immersion depth, lead length and connector type (OSTW / SMPW series) to avoid receiving the wrong parts.